Hebrew alphabet: every letter to copy
Hebrew (עברית) is the official language of Israel and the language of the Hebrew Bible. Its alphabet, called the alef-bet, has 22 letters written right to left, from א alef to ת tav. Five letters have a special final form at the end of a word. This page lists the Hebrew letters, the final letters, niqqud vowel points, cantillation marks and Hebrew punctuation.
Tap any letter to copy it.
The Hebrew letters
- א ב ג ד ה ו: Alef, bet, gimel, dalet, he, vav.
- ז ח ט י כ ל: Zayin, het, tet, yod, kaf, lamed.
- מ נ ס ע פ צ: Mem, nun, samekh, ayin, pe, tsadi.
- ק ר ש ת: Qof, resh, shin, tav.
- Final letters: ך ם ן ף ץ, used at the end of words.
Final letters
Five Hebrew letters change shape at the end of a word: כ becomes ך, מ becomes ם, נ becomes ן, פ becomes ף and צ becomes ץ. Unlike Arabic, Hebrew letters do not join together, so these final forms are separate characters in Unicode. When you spell a word, choose the final form for the last letter, as in שלום (shalom).
Niqqud: Hebrew vowel points
Everyday Hebrew is written without vowels. Small dots and lines called niqqud can be added under, inside or above letters to show vowels: patah, kamatz, segol, tsere, hiriq, holam and kubutz, plus the dagesh dot and the shin and sin dots. Niqqud is used in children’s books, poetry, prayer books and for learners. When copied alone, these marks may show on a dotted circle. Paste them after a letter.
Hebrew letters as numbers
Hebrew letters also stand for numbers, a system called gematria. א is 1, ב is 2, י is 10, ק is 100 and so on. You will see this in Jewish calendar dates, chapter numbers and the year on documents. The geresh ׳ and gershayim ״ marks show that letters are being used as numbers or abbreviations.
Hebrew for holidays and study
Copy Hebrew letters for Shabbat Shalom (שבת שלום), Shanah Tovah (שנה טובה) and Chag Sameach (חג שמח) greetings, bar and bat mitzvah cards, Torah study notes and Hebrew lessons. The letters also appear in maths: א (aleph) is used for sizes of infinity.
Typing Hebrew
Gboard, the iPhone keyboard, Windows and Mac all include Hebrew layouts. Mixed Hebrew and English text can sometimes appear in a confusing order. Putting the Hebrew on its own line usually fixes it. For a final letter, a niqqud mark or a rare sign, copy it from this page.
Frequently asked questions
- How many letters are in the Hebrew alphabet?
- Hebrew has 22 letters, plus 5 final forms used at the end of words.
- Is Hebrew written right to left?
- Yes. Hebrew is written and read from right to left.
- What is niqqud?
- Niqqud is the system of dots and lines that show vowels in Hebrew text.
- Do Hebrew letters join together?
- No. Unlike Arabic, Hebrew letters are written separately, even in words.
- How do I write shalom in Hebrew?
- Shalom is שלום. The last letter is the final mem ם.